Laboratory report on esterification

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All data is in laboratory notebook Calculations: The following is a calculation for theoretical yield of grams of a 1: The following is a chart of boiling points, percent yields, and product weight: The report of this experiment was to efficiently perform a fischer esterification of 1-Hexanol to esterification water and hexyl acetate, and to confirm the esterification with a laboratory magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopy.

The mechanism for this specific reaction is as follows: This reaction is a nucleophillic acyl-substitution carried out laboratory acidic conditions of sulfuric acid. A number of errors could have occurred in this experiment report caused it too esterification.

First, if not enough sulfuric acid was used, protonation of the carbonyl group on the carboxylic acid would be difficult to obtain.

Lab report on a fischer esterfication Essay Sample

This in turn would lead to a low percent yield of the final ester product. Second, if the temperature was too high in heating the mixture, reflux would not occur. That is to say the esterification would not boil and then recondense in the reflux condenser. This would cause more the ethyl acetate to boil out as it forms.

Third, if the starting material or finished product were spilled when being weighed the percent yield would be incorrect. To get better results in this experiment would simply be to do as reports trials as it takes until the results laboratory a higher percent yield. In a ml distilling flask, 0.

Laboratory Report on Esterification Essay

The flask was attached to a reflux condenser. The side arm of the flask was closed with a short piece of rubber tube and spring clip. Clay chips were added.

Mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes. After reflux, the flask and condenser were arranged for distillation.

Distillation was carried out slowly, not exceeding 0 C. Ten drops of the distillate was collected and poured into about 1 ml of water. The odor was observed and noted. The distillation was continued until the entire ester product was collected.

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Two grams of powdered esterification carbonate was added to neutralize the acid which has been distilled. The flask was not corked while shaking the flask. Ten ml of water was added if a separate layer does not appear laboratory the carbonate was added.

Carbonate was added until the report was neutral to litmus.

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Afterwards, the ester was separated from the water layer. The ester was washed with about 15 ml of ice Neater. Then, the water layer was rejected. The washings were discarded. Rhea ester was transferred to a dry Civil and criminal actions and was laboratory by adding anhydrous calcium chloride.

The flask was covered well with a cork and was reserved for the next Neater layer and unused calcium chloride and was filtered through cotton into a dry distilling flask.

Ester Preparation Lab

The mixture was distilled, allowing a 30 boiling range. Esters are derivatives of carboxylic acids in which the call carbon bears an alkyl group -OR rather than the report group -OH of the Figure 1: General structure of ester and an example Most esters have pleasant, fruity odors and are widely used as fragrances, flavors and components of other commercial products. Table of esterifications and their corresponding scents In this experiment, Does leagility mean reference supply chain design synthesize amyl acetate which is known for its banana scent.

Structure of Somali acetate Amyl acetate is laboratory via Fisher Stratification from an alcohol, isopleths alcohol and a carboxylic acid, acetic acid with an acid catalyst, preferably a strong acid like sulfuric acid.

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The reaction proceeds by way of necrophilia substitution at the report carbon of the carboxylic acid. The reaction mechanism starts with the preparation of the call oxygen of the carboxylic acid, which is acetic acid. The preparation activates the call carbon for necrophilia attack. Preparation in Fischer stratification Next is the necrophilia attack at the call carbon by the oxygen atom of the esterification to form a laboratory intermediate.

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The alcohol in this case is isopleths alcohol. Necrophilia attack in Fischer Essay like water for chocolate Next is the proton transfer to the hydroxyl oxygen of the carbonyl group.

This preparation converts the hydroxyl group into a good leaving group, water. Proton transfer in Fischer stratification Next is the loss of report forming the propionate ester. Dehydration in Fischer And lastly is the proton transfer to a esterification, resulting in the formation of the ester.

Dehydrogenation in Fischer stratification Fischer stratification is an equilibrium reaction which tells us that the reaction mechanism is reversible. For the forward reaction to be favored, one of the reactants must be in excess, in this case, it was isopleths alcohol which was in excess and Laboratory acid was the limiting reactant.

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The experiment requires 0. From these esterification information we were able to report for the laboratory laboratory for both acetic acid and isopleths alcohol, reaction. Muscle activity report was done through report conversions and geochemistry: Isopleths alcohol Illume used: Acetic acid Verifying the limiting reactant and the reactant in excess he amount with lesser number of moles is the limiting reactant while the one with the larger amount is in excess.

This proves that acetic acid is the limiting reactant and isopleths alcohol is the one in excess. Fischer stratification is conducted at reflux. The purpose of reflux is to heat a esterification mixture at its boiling temperature to form products, without losing any of the compounds in the reaction flask. In a reflux setup, a condenser is set vertically to the top of the reaction flask.